Of the three genera of influenza viruses that cause human flu, two also cause influenza in pigs, with in influenzaA being common in pigs and influenzaC being rare. InfluenzaB has not been reported in pigs.
InfluenzaC:
InfluenzaC viruses infect both human and pigs, but do not infect birds. Transmissions between pigs and humans have occurred in the past. For example, influenzaC caused small outbreaks of a mild from of influenza amongst children in Japan and California. Because of its limited host range and lack of genetic diversity in influenzaC, this form of influenza does not cause pandemics in humans.
InfluenzaA:
Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenzaA subtypes H1N1, H2N3, H3N1 and H3N2. In pigs, three influenza a virus subtype (H1N1, H2N2 and H3N2) are the most common strains worldwide. In the United States, the H1N1 subtype was exclusively prevalent among swine populations before 1998; however, since late August 1998, H3N2 subtypes have been isolated from pigs. As of 2004, H3N2 virus isolates in US swine and Turkey stocks were triple reassortants, containing genes from human (HA, NA and PB1), swine (NS, NP and M), and avian (PB2 and PA).
InfluenzaC:
InfluenzaC viruses infect both human and pigs, but do not infect birds. Transmissions between pigs and humans have occurred in the past. For example, influenzaC caused small outbreaks of a mild from of influenza amongst children in Japan and California. Because of its limited host range and lack of genetic diversity in influenzaC, this form of influenza does not cause pandemics in humans.
InfluenzaA:
Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenzaA subtypes H1N1, H2N3, H3N1 and H3N2. In pigs, three influenza a virus subtype (H1N1, H2N2 and H3N2) are the most common strains worldwide. In the United States, the H1N1 subtype was exclusively prevalent among swine populations before 1998; however, since late August 1998, H3N2 subtypes have been isolated from pigs. As of 2004, H3N2 virus isolates in US swine and Turkey stocks were triple reassortants, containing genes from human (HA, NA and PB1), swine (NS, NP and M), and avian (PB2 and PA).
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